Reading-notes

Readings : Audio, Video, Images:

Controlling the size and alignment of your images using CSS keeps rules that affect the presentation of your page in the CSS and out of the HTML markup. You can also achieve several interesting effects using background images. In this chapter you will learn how to:

AligNing images :

Background Images

The background-image property allows you to place an image behind any HTML element. This could be the entire page or just part of the page.

Background images are often the last thing on the page to load (which can make a website seem slow to load). As with any

images you use online, if the size of the file is large it will take

longer to download.

Repeating Images background-repeat background-attachment:

repeat:

### fixed : The background image stays in the same position on the page scroll.

Background Position background-position:

When an image is not being repeated, you can use the background-position

some property for background :

Shorthand background :

The background property acts like a shorthand for all of the other background properties you have just seen, and also the background-color property.

The properties must be specified in the following order, but you can miss any value if you do not want to specify it:

Image Rollovers , & Sprites :

Summary

IMAGES:

Grouping and Similarity:

Proximity:

Closure:

Continuance, color,Borders and White Space .

Designing Navigation:

Context:

Good navigation provides context. It lets the user know where they are in the website at that moment. Using a different color or some kind of visual marker to indicate the current page is a good way to do this.

Interactive:

Each link should be big enough to click on and the appearance of the link should change when the user hovers over each item or clicks on it. It should also be visually distinct from other content on the page.

Consistent:

The more pages a site contains, the larger the number of navigation items there will be. Although secondary navigation will change from page to page, it is best to keep the primary navigation exactly the same.

Summary

Practical Information :

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) :

The Basics

Search engine optimization (orSEO) is the practice of trying to help your site appear nearer the top of search engine results when people look for the topicsthat your website covers.

On-Page Techniques

On-page techniques are the methods you can use on your web pages to improve their rating in search engines.

Off-Page Techniques

Getting other sites to link to you is just as important as on-page techniques. Search engines help determine how to rank your site by looking at the number of other sites that link to yours.

### 1: Page Title The page title appears at the top of the browser window or on the tab of a browser. It is specified in the element which lives inside the <head> element.

2: URL / Web Address

The name of the file is part of the URL. Where possible, use keywords in the file name.

3: Headings

If the keywords are in a heading element then a search engine will know that this page is all about that subject and give it greater weight than other text.

4: Text

Where possible, it helps to repeat the keywords in the main body of the text at least 2-3 times. Do not, however, over-use these terms, because the text must be easy for a human to read.

Use keywords in the text that create links between pages (rather than using generic expressions such as “click here”).

6: Image Alt Text

Search engines rely on you providing accurate descriptions of images in the alt text. This will also help your images show up in the results of image-based searches.

7: Page Descriptions

The description also lives inside the <head> element and is specified using a tag. It should be a sentence that describes the content of the page. (These are not shown in the browser window but they may be displayed in the results pages of search engines.)

to have a good webpage resarch :

Analytics: Learning about your Visitors:

As soon as people start coming to your site, you can start analyzing how they found it, what they were looking at and at what point they are leaving. One of the best tools for doing this is a free service offered by Google called Google Analytics.

Signing Up

The Google Analytics service relies on you signing up for an account at: www.google.com/analytics The site will give you a piece of tracking code which you need to put on every page of your site.

How it Works

Every time someone loads a page of your site, the tracking code sends data to the Google servers where it is stored.Google then provides a webbased interface that allows you to see how visitors use your site.

The Tracking Code

A tracking code is provided by Google Analytics for each website you are tracking. It should appear just before the closing </head> tag. The code does not alter the appearance of your web pages.

How Many People Are Coming to Your Site?

The overview page gives you a snapshot of the key information you are likely to want to know. In particular, it tells you how many people are coming to your site…

What Are Your Visitors Looking At?

The content link on the left-hand side allows you to learn more about what the visitors are looking at when they come to your site.